Friday, 8 June 2012

Top 10 controversial writers


Top 10 controversial writers

Throughout the history, lot of people have preferred to convey their intellect and thoughts through literature. It’s a sure fact that writers are heavily tempted by the society as well as the social context, but it’s a matter of fact that some time, some authors are rejected by the same society for exploring its hidden aspects. Top Yaps lists ten controversial writers who conveyed their opinions through books and novels, but were labelled as disputatious.
10. Judy Blume:
Best known for writing one of the most arguable  novels on children and young adults, Judy Blume is an eminent yet controversial writer of America. Judy Blume’s novels revolve around teenagers, dealing with several issues such as sexuality, existence of God, friendship, religion and other burning topics which are considered contagious for a particular age-group. No doubt, this controversial writer has been banned in United States for independently writing on censored topics, yet her books have managed to exceed sales of 80 million copies worldwide.
judy blume- controversial writer
9. Thomas Paine:
One of the founding fathers of the United States, Thomas Paine revolutionized the literal world by writing a deistic pamphlet, “The Age of Reason,” which challenges the authenticity of Bible and severely criticizes the methodologies of institutionalized religion. This controversial writer was blackballed for ridiculing Christianity by contemporary intellectuals, and till the date he is considered as one of the most controversial figures in writing arena.
8. J. D. Salinger:
Perhaps, most well known for his controversial novel – “The Catcher in the Rye,” J. D. Salinger is termed for being one of the most controversial writers of the 20th century whose works led to public attention and scrutiny. Main characters in Salinger’s stories were generally misfits of society who search for happiness through symbolism, religion and loneliness. For employing disputed subjects in his novels, Salinger is believed as controversial writer by many critics.
7. D.H. Lawerence:
David Herbert Richards Lawerence was an eminent novelist, essayist, poet and painter of England, who, by his works, earned stack of retaliations in the literal world and endured censorship along with official persecution. This controversial writer was widely known for fueling some of the frank discussions such as religion, psychology and sex. During the last time of his death, Lawerence’s reputation was that of a pornographer who had devastated his artistic integrity, moral sincerity and considerable talents.
6. Taslima Nasrin:
Taslima Nasrin was a doctor in Bangladesh who later turned into a firebrand poet and author. This controversial writer has been widely criticized by intellectuals and some of the prominent authors for ridiculing Islamic principles and propagating objectionable and preposterous comments against this religion. Since 1994, Taslima has been living in exile and currently she is residing in New Delhi where she works for human rights, freedom of thought and equality for women.







5. Voltaire:
Counted among one of the most eminent French Enlightenment figures, Voltaire was a prolific yet controversial writer who is best known for advocating freedom of religion as well as separation of church and state. A straight-from-the-shoulder supporter of social reform, Voltaire had earned controversy from the very beginning of his writing career.
4. Sigmund Freud:
Founding father of psychoanalysis and a celebrated researcher of unconscious mind, Sigmund Freud’s view on women is still a subject of controversial debate. Theories of this controversial writer on female nature have been marginalized by experts of psychology as they were sexist and pseudo-scientific. According to Freudian theory, the primary motivational energy of human life is sexual desire. No doubt, his books are considered as objects of controversy, but he has a strong impact upon the civilisation in western world over 8-9 decades or so.
3. Salman Rushdie:
Legendary head in the ring of modern controversial writers, Salman Rushdie came to prominence after after winning Booker Prize for his second novel – “Midnight’s Children.” It’s a matter of fact that this top-notch author of magical realism became a matter of global hatred after launching his controversial novel “The Satanic Verses.” Rushdie was widely condemned by Islamic groups and various authors for ridiculing Islam and its functions in this novel. Not even this, for his blasphemy, a fatwa was issued against him by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran.
2. Mark Twain:
Best known for being the greatest humorist of his age, Mark Twain’s ironies and satires have been often considered by many intellectuals as vulgar and insensitive. His popular novel “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” was criticized by contemporary critics for violating the traditions of American democracy. Racial slurs used in this novel were enough to flare up controversy during the Civil Rights movement in United States.
1. Vladimir Nabokov:
Vladimir Nabokov was a Russian author who was widely criticized for his tongue-in-cheek erotic novel, “Lolita.” Considered as one of the most controversial and erotic novels of 20th century, the word Lolita is now synonymously used to account a sexually precocious girl. Though the book was scandalous, it catapulted the controversial writer to enormous fame and fortune.


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Tuesday, 25 October 2011

dhanteras ; spiritual significance

The Dhan in Dhanteras means wealth. On Dhanteras, the "Owl" form of Goddess Laxmi is worshiped to provide prosperity and well being. Dhanteras holds special significance for the business community due to the customary purchases of precious metals on this day 

Legends

An interesting story about Dhanteras Festival says that, once, the sixteen year old son of King Hima was doomed to die of a snake-biteon the fourth day of his marriage as per his horoscope. So, on the fourth day of his marriage, his young wife did not allow him to sleep. She laid out gold ornaments and lots of silver coins in a big heap at the entrance of her husband's boudoir and lighted innumerable lamps all over the place. And she went on telling stories and singing songs. When Yama, the god of Death arrived there in the guise of aSerpent his eyes got blinded by the dazzle of those brilliant lights and he could not enter the Prince's chamber. So he climbed on top of the heap of ornaments and coins and sat there the whole night listening to the melodious songs. In the morning he quietly went away. Thus the young wife saved her husband from the clutches of death. Since then this day of Dhanteras came to be known as the day of "Yamadeepdaan" and lamps are kept burning throughout the night in reverential adoration to Yama (Yamaraj), the god of Death.
According to another popular legend, when the Gods and demons churned the ocean for Amrita or nectar, Dhanvantari (the physician of the Gods and an incarnation of Vishnu) emerged carrying a jar of the elixir on the day of Dhanteras.


Preparations

To mark the auspicious day, houses and business premises are renovated and decorated. Entrances are made colorful with traditionalmotifs of Rangoli designs to welcome the Goddess of Wealth and Prosperity. To indicate her long-awaited arrival, small footprints are drawn with rice flour and vermilion powder all over the houses. Lamps are kept burning all through the night.


Traditions

On Dhanteras Hindus consider it auspicious to purchase gold or silver articles or at least one or two new utensils. It is believed that new“Dhan” or some form of precious metal is a sign of good luck"Laxmi Puja" is performed in the evenings when tiny Diyas of clay are lit to drive away the shadows of evil spirits. "Bhajans", devotional songs in praise of Goddess Laxmi, are also sung.


Celebrations

Dhanteras is celebrated with gusto and enthusiasm. "Lakshmi Puja" is performed in the evenings when tiny diyas of clay are lit to drive away the shadows of evil spirits. Bhajans, devotional songs in praise of Goddess Laxmi, are sung and "Naivedya" of traditional sweets is offered to the Goddess. There is a peculiar custom in Maharashtra to lightly pound dry coriander seeds with jaggery and offer as Naivedya.
In villagescattle are adorned and worshiped by farmers as they form the main source of their income. In south India, cows are offered, particularly, a special veneration because they are thought of as incarnations of Goddess Lakshmi.

Sunday, 16 October 2011

A.P.J. Abdul kalam; former president of india. happy birthday


Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam About this sound pronunciation  (Tamilஅவுல் பகீர் ஜைனுலாப்தீன் அப்துல் கலாம்; born 15 October 1931) usually referred to as A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, is an Aerospace engineerprofessor, and chancellor of the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology(IIST), who served as the 11th President of India from 2002 to 2007. During his term as President, he was popularly known as the People's President.[2][3]He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honor in 1997.
Before his term as India's president, he worked as an aeronautical engineer with DRDO and ISRO. He is popularly known as the Missile Man of India for his work on development of ballistic missile and space rocket technology. Kalam played a pivotal organizational, technical and political role in India'sPokhran-II nuclear test in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.
He is currently the chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, a professor at Anna University (Chennai), a visiting professor at Indian Institute of Management AhmedabadIndian Institute of Management Indore, and an adjunct/visiting faculty at many other academic and research institutions across India.
In May 2011, Dr. Kalam launched his mission for the youth of the nation called the What Can I Give Movement. Dr. Kalam better known as a scientist, also has special interest in the field of arts like writing Tamil poems, and also playing the music instrument Veena.

Early life and education

Abdul Kalam was born in Rameshwaram, presently Tamil Nadu, in India in 1931. He spent most of his childhood in financial problems and started working at an early age to supplement his family's income.
After completing his school education, Kalam graduated in physics from St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirapalli. He then graduated with a diploma in Aeronautical Engineering in the mid-1950s from the Madras Institute of Technology. As the Project Director, he was heavily involved in the development of India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-II).

[edit]Career

After graduation from Madras Institute of Technology (MIT - Chennai) he was the Project Director, he was heavily involved in the development of India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III). As Chief Executive of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (I.G.M.D.P), he played a major part in developing many missiles in India including Agni and Prithvi although the entire project has been criticised for being overrun and mismanaged.[9] He was the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation from July 1992 to December 1999.Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period and have been associated with Kalam although he was not directly involved with the nuclear program at the time.

[edit]Issues held

[edit]Future India: 2020

In his book India 2020, Kalam strongly advocates an action plan to develop India into a knowledge superpower and a developed nation by the year 2020. He regards his work on India's nuclear weaponsprogram as a way to assert India's place as a future superpower.
It has been reported that there is a considerable demand in South Korea for translated versions of books authored by him.
Kalam continues to take an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology. He has proposed a research program for developing bio-implants. He is a supporter of Open Source over proprietary solutions and believes that the use of free software on a large scale will bring the benefits of information technology to more people.

[edit]Awards and honours

Year of Award or HonorName of Award or HonorAwarding Organization
2011Doctor of Science (microbiology)S.Gujarati University
2011IEEE Honorary MembershipIEEE
2009Doctor of Science (Honoris Causa)Anna University of Technology
2009Hoover MedalASME Foundation, USA
2009International von Kármán Wings AwardCalifornia Institute of Technology, U.S.A
2008Doctor of Engineering (Honoris Causa)Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
1997Bharat RatnaGovernment of India
1990Padma VibhushanGovernment of India
1981Padma BhushanGovernment of India


Books and documentaries

Kalam's writings
  • Wings of Fire: An Autobiography of APJ Abdul Kalam by A. P. J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; by K. Bhushan, G. Katyal; A. P. J. Pub. Corp, 2002.
  • Scientist to President by Abdul A. P. J. Kalam; Gyan Publishing House, 2003.
  • Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam; Penguin Books, 2003.
  • India 2020: A Vision for the New Millennium by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Y.S. Rajan; Penguin Books India, 2003.
  • India-my-dream by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam; Excel Books, 2004.
  • Envisioning an Empowered Nation: Technology for Societal Transformation by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam; TATA McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd, 2004.
  • Guiding Souls: Dialogues on the Purpose of Life by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, Arun K Tiwari; Ocean Books, 2005.
  • Children Ask Kalam by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam; Pearson Education, ISBN 81-7758-245-3
  • Indomitable Spirit by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, 2006
  • The Scientific Indian: A Twenty-first Century Guide to the World around Us by APJ Abdul Kalam and YS Rajan
  • My Journey by APJ Abdul Kalam, Published By: V Suryanarayana Murthy
Biographies
  • Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr. Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam by S. Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, 2002.
  • President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam by R. K. Pruthi; Anmol Publications, 2002.
  • A. P. J. Abdul Kalam: The Visionary of India by K. Bhushan, G. Katyal; A.P.H. Pub. Corp, 2002.
  • A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, 2008.[16]
  • The Kalam Effect: My Years with the President by P.M. Nair; Harper Collins, 2008.
  • My Days With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr.A.K. George; ISBN No:978-8190452953; Publisher: Novel Corporation, 2009.

world's cheapest tablet computer ; Aakash tablet @ $35


The manufacturer of Aakash, the world's cheapest tablet computing device priced at Rs 2,276, DataWind on Wednesday said it plans to launch the tablet's commercial variant in the country by November-end.
"We plan to launch the commercial variant of the device somewhere in late-November," Suneet Singh Tuli, chief executive of DataWind, told IANS on the sidelines of the tablet launch for students by Human Resource Development (HRD) Minister Kapil Sibal.
According to Tuli, the price of the commercial variant would be higher than that of the students' version, but did not divulge any details.
"It would be a bit higher, but very competitive to anything that is available around the world," Tuli said.
The company expects to have a customer base of nearly 1,00,000 customers per month for the commercial variant of the tablet.
"I am hoping for nearly 1,00,000 customers per month for my tab which may be priced around Rs 2,500-3,000."
Tuli further said the company's manufacturing facility capacity in Hyderabad would be increased from the current 700 units per day to nearly 1,00,000 units per month.
"We have to eventually increase the capacity to 1,00,000 units in the coming time to meet the demand."
The company was also scouting for an alternative manufacturing site to increase production.
"Our basic plan is to provide the 'tab' to the Indian market first, but the demand is so high that we need to develop a new facility altogether and we are scouting for a location."
Replying to the enormous export potential estimates which were given by Sibal, who said the product was not just for 220 million Indian students but also for the rest of the world, Tuli said: "No doubt it's a great product. But our first priority is to provide it in India and then the rest of the world."
Further, the company expressed its hopes for a new tab with a price tag of about $10, with the help of more local components.
"We need to have more local components. And with the production expansion that we plan, we believe that Indian component manufacturers would soon see the opportunity, thus reducing our prices."
Currently, the tab uses around 35 per cent component from South Korea, 25 per cent from China, 16 from the US, 16 from India and rest from around the world.
Meanwhile, senior company officials told IANS that the base version of the device for students will come in partnership with telecommunication service provider Aircel which would provide SIM cards which can then be used for accessing the internet through the 3G network.
"We have tied-up with Aircel for the product. They will provide the network to access the 3G-internet service.


Saturday, 15 October 2011

diwali ; spiritual significance


Spiritual significance

In each legend, tradition and story of Deepawali lies the significance of the victory of good over evil; and it is with each Deepawali and the lights that illuminate our homes and hearts, that this simple truth finds new reason and hope. From darkness into light — the light that empowers us to commit ourselves to good deeds, that which brings us closer to divinity. During Diwali, lights illuminate every corner of India and the scent of incense sticks hangs in the air, mingled with the sounds of fire-crackers, joy, togetherness and hope. Diwali is celebrated around the globe. Outside India, it is more than a Hindu festival, it is a celebration of South-Asian identities.
While Deepavali is popularly known as the "festival of lights", the most significant spiritual meaning is "the awareness of the inner light". Central to Hindu philosophy is the assertion that there is something beyond the physical body and mind which is pure, infinite, and eternal, called the Atman. The celebration of Deepavali as the "victory of good over evil", refers to the light of higher knowledge dispelling all ignorance, the ignorance that masks one's true nature, not as the body, but as the unchanging, infinite, immanent and transcendent reality. With this awakening comes compassion and the awareness of the oneness of all things (higher knowledge). This brings anand (joy or peace). Just as we celebrate the birth of our physical being, Deepavali is the celebration of this Inner Light.
While the story behind Deepavali and the manner of celebration varies from region to region (festive fireworks, worship, lights, sharing of sweets), the essence is the same – to rejoice in the Inner Light (Atman) or the underlying Reality of all things (Brahman).

Dates


a Thai historic artwork depicting the battle which took place between Rama and Ravana

Krishna and Satyabhama fighting Narakasura's armies -Painting from the Metropolitan Museum

Houses full of lights
Diwali falls on the one new moon night between mid-October and mid-November. Deepavali is celebrated for five days according to the lunisolarHindu Calendar. It begins in late Ashvin (between September and October) and ends in early Kartika (between October and November). The first day is Dhan Teras. The last day is Yama Dvitiya, which signifies the second day of the light half of Kartika. Each day of Deepavali marks one celebration of the six principal stories associated with the festival.
Hindus have several significant events associated with Diwali:
  • The return of Rama after 14 years of Vanvas (banishment). To welcome his return, diyas (ghee lamps) were lit in rows of 20.
  • The killing of Narakasura: Celebrated as Naraka Chaturdashi, one day before Deepavali, it commemorates the killing of the evil demon Narakasura, who wreaked havoc. Krishna's wife Satyabhama killed Narakasura during the Dwapara yuga. In another version of the belief, the demon was killed by Krishna or Krishna provoked his wife Satyabhama to kill Narshna, defeating Indra.
  • Govardhan Puja is celebrated the day after Deepavali and is the day Krishna defeated Indra, the deity of thunder and rain. According to the story, Krishna saw preparations for an annual offering to Lord Indra and asked his father Nanda about it. He debated with the villagers about what their 'dharma' truly was. They were farmers, they should do their duty and concentrate on farming and protection of their cattle. He said that all human beings should do their 'karma' to the best of their ability and not pray for natural phenomenon. The villagers were convinced by Krishna, and did not proceed with the special puja (prayer). Indra was then angered, and flooded the village. Krishna lifted Mount Govardhanand held it up to protect the people and cattle from the rain. Indra finally accepted defeat and recognized Krishna as supreme. Although this aspect of Krishna's life is sometimes ignored it sets up the basis of the 'karma' philosophy later detailed in the Bhagavat Gita.
Other events associated with Diwali include:
  • Return of Pandavas after 12 years of Vanvas and one year of agyatavas (living incognito).

Diwali being festival of lights, across India people celebrate it via symbolic diyas or kandils (colourful paper lanterns) as an integral part of Diwali decorations.

Rangoli, decorations made from coloured powder, is popular during Diwali
Deepavali celebrations are spread over five days, from Dhanteras to Bhaiduj. In some places like Maharshtra it starts with Vasu Baras.All the days except Diwali are named according to their designation in the Hindu calendar. The days are:
  1. Govatsa Dwadashi or Vasu Baras (27 Ashvin or 12 Krishna Paksha Ashvin): Go means cow and vatsa means calf. Dwadashi or Barasmeans the 12th day. On this day the cow and calf are worshiped. The story associated with this day is that of King Prithu, son of the tyrant King Vena. Due to the ill rule of Vena, there was a terrible famine and earth stopped being fruitful. Prithu chased the earth, who is usually represented as cow, and ‘milked’ her, meaning that he brought prosperity to the land.
  2. Dhanatrayodashi or Dhan teras or Dhanwantari Triodas (28 Ashvin or 13 Krishna Paksha Ashvin): Dhana means wealth andTrayodashi means 13th day. This day falls on the 13th day of the second half of the lunar month. It is considered an auspicious day for buying utensils and gold, hence the name ‘Dhana’. This day is regarded as the Jayanti (Birth Anniversary) of God Dhanvantari, the Physician of Gods, who came out during Samudra manthan, the churning of the great ocean by the gods and the demons.
  3. Naraka Chaturdashi (29 Ashvin or 14 Krishna Paksha Ashvin): Chaturdashi is the 14th day This was the day on which the demon Narakasura was killed by Krishna – an incarnation of Vishnu. It signifies the victory of good over evil and light over darkness (Gujarati: Kali Chaudas, Rajasthan : Roop Chaudas). In southern India, this is the actual day of festivities. Hindus wake up before dawn, have a fragrant oil bath and dress in new clothes. They light small lamps all around the house and draw elaborate kolams /rangolis outside their homes. They perform a special puja with offerings to Krishna or Vishnu, as he liberated the world from the demon Narakasura on this day. It is believed that taking a bath before sunrise, when the stars are still visible in the sky is equivalent to taking a bath in the holyGanges. After the puja, children burst firecrackers heralding the defeat of the demon. As this is a day of rejoicing, many will have very elaborate breakfasts and lunches and meet family and friends.
  4. Lakshmi Puja (30 Ashvin or 15 Krishna Paksha Ashvin): Lakshmi Puja marks the most important day of Diwali celebrations in North India. Hindu homes worship Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and Ganesh, the God of auspicious beginnings, and then light lamps in the streets and homes to welcome prosperity and well-being.
  5. Bali Pratipada and Govardhan Puja (1 Kartika or 1 Shukla Paksha Kartika) : In North India, this day is celebrated as Govardhan Puja, also calledAnnakoot, and is celebrated as the day Krishna – an incarnation of god Vishnu – defeated Indra and by the lifting of Govardhana hill to save his kinsmen and cattle from rain and floods. For Annakoot, large quantities of food are decorated symbolizing the Govardhan hill lifted by Krishna. InMaharashtra, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka, it is celebrated as Bali-Pratipada or Bali Padyami. The day commemorates the victory of Vishnu in his dwarf form Vamana over the demon-king Bali, who was pushed into the patala. In Maharashtra, it is called as Padava or Nava Diwas (new day). Men present gifts to their wives on this day. It is celebrated as the first day of the Vikram Samvat calender, in Gujarat.
  6. Yama Dwitiya or Bhaiduj (also Bhayyaduj, Bhaubeej or Bhayitika) (2 Kartika or 2 Shukla Paksha Kartika): on this day, brothers and sisters meet to express love and affection for each other (Gujarati: Bhai Bij, Bengali: Bhai Phota). It is based on a story when Yama, lord of Death, visited his sisterYami (the river Yamuna). Yami welcomed Yama with an Aarti and they had a feast together. Yama gave a gift to Yami while leaving as a token of his appreciation. So, the day is also called 'YAMA DWITIYA'. Brothers visit their sisters’ place on this day and usually have a meal there, and also give gifts to their sisters.